Cause and Effect

Actions Bring Responses

Cause and effect refers to the relationship between an action and its outcome.

Activity

Mom shakes a rattle in front of Chelsea and says, “See the rattle?” As Chelsea is sit ting in her high chair she reaches for the rattle and grabs hold of it with a fist grip. Chelsea then drops the rattle. Mom picks up the rattle and hands it back to Chelsea. As soon as Chelsea gets ahold of the rattle again, she drops it on the left side of the high chair. Chelsea’s eyes are fixed to the floor as she drops the rattle. Mom picks up the rattle again, saying “Oops! The rattle fell on the floor!” Mom hands the rattle back to Chelsea. Chelsea takes the rattle in her hand, looks at it, and then drops it on the right side of the high chair, keeping her eyes fixed on the rattle that has fallen to the floor.

Insight

Chelsea is experimenting with what happens when she drops the rattle. She watches it fall to the ground on both sides of her high chair. She will continue to drop the rattle (cause) and see it fall to the ground (effect). This activity will test your patience; however, it is an important way for your baby to learn about cause and effect and her ability to influence her environment.

Understanding cause and effect starts with your baby interacting with her environment and then learning an action that will lead to an effect. This is the beginning of her ability to understand cause and effect. For instance, each time your baby cries, she begins to learn that you will pick her up or use an object such as a rattle to distract her.

This is the beginning of her ability to understand cause and effect. For instance, each time your baby cries, she begins to learn that you will pick her up or use an object such as a rattle to distract her. If your baby were to also shake the rattle, she would hear a sound; when she drops the rattle on the floor, she sees it disappear. Through play, your baby is learning that she can cause things to happen or change.

As your baby grows older, her memory is developing. You’ll start to see her absorbing information and applying it to her day-to-day activities.

During this period, one of the most important concepts she is using in cause-and-effect situations is her memory. We previously discussed your baby reaching toward an object that makes noise and dropping it on the floor. As your baby understands that she can cause these interesting reactions, she will continue to experiment with other ways to make things happen.

Think about each time you sing a particular song as you feed your baby; she will begin to anticipate the song and the feeding each time you begin the activity. The same goes for when your baby interacts with another family member and learns that by laughing she makes that person smile; she will then laugh again to get the same effect.

These experiences with your infant will increase social skills and set the stage for symbolic and language learning.